How is offshore sea level primarily calculated?

Offshore sea level is primarily calculated using numerical modeling, which involves simulating the ocean's behavior through complex mathematical equations. These models take into account various factors including wind, atmospheric pressure, ocean currents, tidal forces, and historical data to predict sea level changes over time. By integrating all these variables, numerical modeling provides a comprehensive view of sea level dynamics in offshore areas.

While other methods can provide useful data, they often serve as complementary approaches rather than the primary means of calculation. For instance, satellite observations and physical water level sensors can provide real-time data and contribute to the overall understanding of sea level; however, they may not capture the broader and longer-term trends as thoroughly as numerical models do. Coastal observation focuses on areas near shorelines, which may not accurately represent offshore conditions. The strength of numerical modeling lies in its ability to simulate conditions over large areas and time frames, making it essential for accurate estimates of offshore sea levels.